Bearing



BEARING Filed Aug- 3. 1920 Patented Jan. 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CORPORATION, OF DAYTON, OHIO,

CHARLES R. SHORT, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL MOTORS RESEARCH A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

BEARING.

Application led August 3,

This invention relates to' bearings and particularly to soft metal wearing surfaces or liners for such bearings.

Among the objects of the invention is to prevent or greatly reduce4 the heating 0f such bearings and vtheir consequent burning out.

Another object is to produce a bearing which, while retaining the desirable characterisfics of the soft metal, will resist tendency to elongate underthe pressures producd between-the parts with which it is usec.

Further objects and advanta es of the invention will be apparent, re erence being had to the accompanying drawings, wherein a preferred form of embodiment of the invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings: y

Fig. 1 illustrates an inside view ofonehalf of a bearing made in accordance with the present invention.

Fig 2 is a perspective view of one torm of cooling plate.

Fig. 3` is a side view cooling plate.

Fig; 4 isa partial vertical section of a. piston rod utilizing the bearing, which latter is indicated as'of a further modified form.

In the drawings, the numeral 10 indicates a Babbitt metal bushingor bearing-liner of ordina-ry shape having embedded therein a thin `sheet of copper 11 which has the same, general shape as that of the bushing. Such a copper element is shown clearly in Fig. 2. It will be noted that the copper element is provided with a number of punched out ortions.12. which-extend a short distancerom its surface toward the-.outer surface of theBabbitt metal. There is also provided one or more punched out portions 13 ex'- tending toyvards the inner face of the bearing. These punched'out portions 12 and 1`3 havev a combination .of functions.

In the first place, in producing the bearing forming the subject matter of the present'application, the'mold for` the'bu'shing ial prepared and the copper element laced therein, the 'punched out portions servln to position the between the walls of the mold.

In the second place, these punched out of another form of portions 12 'and .13 serve as anchorsfor the copper.- at the proper distance" 1920. Serial No. 400,936.

sheetvr of copper in the mass of babbitt and thus tend to prevent the extension of the babbitt under the pressures applied thereto when in use.

In Fig. 3 there is shown a modified form for the copper element, this form bein intended to extend only to the ends othe liner or bushing and not out throu h any flanges with which the bushing may e provided.

In Fig. 4 there is shown a further modied form of bushing. In this form the copper extends not only to the edges of the flanges but also to a short distance beyond these edges. This form is particularly advantageous in places where the bearing isv to be subjected to extremely high pressures and consequently to greater friction and tendency 'to' heat.

Other soft metals and alloys than Babbitt metal may be used for bearings of this kind, and liners for such bearings, but allJ have the characteristic of being very poor conductors of heat. l Further, such metals usually have a relatively low -melting polnt.

As a direct result of these twocharacteristics, when the bearings are being used without eliicient lubrication there is a eat tendency for them to heat, owing to t e friction produced by the moving parts. When such heating takes place it is yusually greatestat the middle portion of the bearing; and, as a result of the poor heat conductivity of-the bearing metal, this heat is not conducted away or distributed rapidly or uniformly and the melting point of the metal is soon reached. When the latter happens the usefulness ofthe bearing is obviously destroyed.

By producing -a liner for'bearings in accordance with the present invention, there is incorporated in the metal` of the 'liner a metal of high' heateonductiwity, which lat ter metal rapidly conducts heat from the central portion to the outer'porton's of the bearing thus equalizing the temperature and, in cases where the edge of the bushing or bearing is exposed dto air or oil, readily gives upv this heat to such air or oil with the result that such a 'bearing will not heat up. and consequently will not melt out.

It is of course obvious that 'for the Babbitt metal may-be substituted other alloys which are ordinarily used for such purposes: and it is also obviou that ,for the copper there may be substituted another metal of relatively high heat conductivity and advantageous results obtained.

The bearings which form the sub]ect mat# ter of this application are particularly use' fulin piston rod or connecting rod bearings for internal-combustion engines,- but it is metal of high heat conductivity, the latter.

i. metal extending beyond the `soft metal at its ilextendingl beyond the Babbitt metal at its ends.

-2. A liner for bearings consisting of Babbitt metal having-embedded therein metal of high heat conductlvity, thejlatter metal ends. A

3. A liner for bearings consisting of Babbitt metal having embedded therein copper, the latter metal extending beyond the Babbitt metal at its ends.

4. A liner for bearings Icomprising aflanged bushing of relatively soft metal having a thin sheet of copper embedded therein, the copper extending in' to the ilanges and being provided with a plurality of projecting portions.

5. A liner for bearings comprising a Handed bushing of relatively soft metal having a thin sheet of copper embedded signature.

therein, the copper extending -into and beyond the edges of the flanges and being providedA with a plurality of projecting portions.

6. The combination of a soft metal bearing anda bearing back, an insert for the bearing comprising a thin sheet of good heat conducting material embedded in the bearing and having portions extending inwardly to points in close proximity to tlie` bearing surface and other portions extendmg outwardly tothe contacting surfaces of the bearing and back to dissipate heat which would otherwise be confined within the center of the bearing.

7. The combination of a, soft metal bearing having a thin sheet of good heat conducting material embedded therein at substantially the middleportion thereof, said sheet being provided with discontinuous portions pro]ecting` out of the plane of the sheet to points on the outer surface of the bearing,said portions serving to anchor the sheet in the softbearing metal and to dissipate the heat which would `otherwise be cenined within the body of the bearing.

8. In the Acombinationas defined in claim 6, said bearing having end flanges and said insert being provided with portions extending into said flanges and exposed at the circumference thereof.

9.'4 The combination of a soft metal bearing having end flanges, a reinforce of high heat conductive metal embedded in said bearing and having portions extending into said anges and exposed at thev circumference thereof for the purpose of conducting away heat 'from the interior of the bearing. In testimonyA whereof I hereto aix my CHARLES R. SHORT. 

